Madonna videography

See also: Madonna albums discography and Madonna singles discography
Madonna video discography
A blond woman standing on a stage, wearing a black coat over a black leotard and long black boots. She is flanked by two males in formal suits. The men are sitting on one leg and holds out their hats to the woman who sings into a microphone in her left hand. The backdrop displays tiny sparkling red lights.
Madonna performing on her 2008–2009 Sticky & Sweet Tour
Releases
↙Music videos 66
↙Concert tour videos 9
↙Video compilations 4
↙Video singles 4
↙Documentaries 2

The videography of American recording artist Madonna consists of sixty-six music videos, eight concert tour videos, four music video compilations, four music video singles and two documentaries. In 1982 Madonna signed a recording contract with Sire Records, a label owned by Warner Bros. Records, and released her first two singles before launching her eponymous debut album.[1] Madonna's first music video was for the single "Everybody", for which Sire Records created a low budget, in-house video.[2] Her first video to receive attention on MTV was "Borderline" which was followed by "Lucky Star".[3] In 1984 Madonna released "Like a Virgin", the lead single from her sophomore album of the same name. The video portrayed Madonna roaming through the streets of Venice and lying in a white wedding dress.[4] The same year she also released the follow-up single, "Material Girl".[5] Madonna's third studio album, True Blue, was released in 1986. The video for the lead single, "Live to Tell", ushered in a new image for Madonna.[6] With the video of "True Blue", Madonna's impact on MTV and popular music was established when a contest entitled Making My Video, was held to create a music video for the song.[7] "La Isla Bonita" and "Who's That Girl", both released in 1987, portrayed Madonna's fascination with Hispanic culture and the inclusion of religious symbolism.[8] In 1989 Madonna signed a $5 million deal with Pepsi to use her song "Like a Prayer" in one of their commercial advertisements. Madonna also wanted to use the commercial for the global debut of the song and her similar titled studio album. However, when Madonna released the actual music video of the song it faced strong reaction from religious groups and media. The video portrayed Madonna dancing in front of burning crosses, receiving stigmata, kissing a black saint and having sex with him in a church altar.[9] Her other notable videos released that year included "Express Yourself" and "Cherish" which were critically appreciated for their positive feminist themes.[10]

In 1990 Madonna released the song "Vogue", which portrayed the underground gay subculture dance routine called voguing, as well as the glamorous look of Hollywood stars.[11] The same year she released "Justify My Love", whose video featured Madonna in an erotic dream containing sadomasochism, voyeurism and bisexuality. MTV deemed the video too explicit and banned it from airing on their channel.[12] In 1992 Madonna released her fifth studio album, Erotica. The similar titled lead single's video portrayed Madonna as a masked dominatrix.[13] The video of "Deeper and Deeper" portrayed Madonna as Andy Warhol's protégé Edie Sedgwick.[14] The video for "Bad Girl" portrayed a murdered Madonna. In 1994 she released "Secret", the lead single from her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories. The video showed scenes of rebirth, transvestites and damnation, which are interspersed with Madonna walking down a street to her home.[15] In 1995 she released "Bedtime Story" from the same album. It portrayed a dream sequence, inspired by paintings of artists such as Frida Kahlo and Remedios Varo while incorporating new age surrealistic images.[16] In 1998, Madonna released her seventh studio album, Ray of Light. The music video for the lead single, "Frozen", ushered in a new image for her with the incorporation of Indian influences.[17] The video for the title single was a high-speed one, portraying people going through their daily lives, with images of Madonna in black denim dancing to the music.[18] Her fascination and incorporation of South Asian culture continued with the video of "Nothing Really Matters" (1999) where she appeared as a geisha.[19]

In 2000 Madonna released her eighth studio album, Music. The title single featured her in the role of a pimp while changing her image to that of a glamorous cowgirl.[20] The video for the last single, "What It Feels Like for a Girl", portrayed Madonna going around the city in a car, accompanied by an old woman, and vandalising as well as committing crimes.[21] This fascination for violence continued with the music videos of "Die Another Day" (2002) and "American Life" (2003), the lead single from her similar titled ninth studio album.[22] The video for the latter, shot pre-Iraq war of 2003, portrayed a military-chic fashion show.[23] Madonna's tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor, was released in 2005. The video for the lead single, "Hung Up", was a tribute to John Travolta and his movies.[24] Her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, was released in 2008; its lead single, "4 Minutes", portrayed her as a superhero, tackling physical obstacles.[25] Her most recent music video for the song "Celebration" was critiqued as a return to her dance roots.[26]

Madonna has worked with many successful directors and produced music videos that are considered by some as works of art. Her videos have depicted controversial subjects such as teen pregnancy, racism, religion, sex, and violence. In their book, The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, authors Allan Metz and Carol Benson stated that more than any other recent pop star, Madonna has used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and to enhance her recorded work. According to them:

"It's hard to imagine discussing many of her songs without discussing any of the related videos. Most of the controversy surrounding her most-discussed songs, notably "Like a Prayer", has to do with the video images created to promote the song, rather than the song itself. In fact, many of her seem more significant than they are because of the impact of the accompanying videos."[27]

Madonna ranked number-one on VH1's "50 Greatest Women Of The Video Era" show list.[28]

Contents

Music videos

1982–89

Year Music video Director(s) Notes
1982 "Everybody" Ed Steinberg[29] An in-house video featuring Madonna singing with a group of dancers against a neon-lit background[2]
1983 "Burning Up" Steve Barron[29] The video portrays Madonna, in a white dress, writhing on a road, singing the song about her lover. The boy drives a car, presumably to run her over.[30]
"Holiday" Unknown The original music video was never released.
1984 "Borderline" Mary Lambert[29] The video portrays Madonna as a Hispanic girl dancing on the streets. She leaves her boyfriend to be with a photographer but ultimately rejects him and comes back to her boyfriend.[31]
"Lucky Star" Arthur Pierson[29] The video portrays Madonna in her boy-toy image, dancing in front of a white background, flanked by two dancers.[32]
"Like a Virgin" Mary Lambert[29] In the video, Madonna roamed around the streets of Venice and through marble-pillared rooms wearing a white wedding dress; this clip was interspersed by images of a lion and a man wearing a lion mask. It faced negative reaction from family organizations and social workers, who complained that it promoted sex outside marriage and undermined family values, offering an unsavory image of Madonna as a whore.[33]
1985 "Material Girl" Pictured as a video-within-a-video, Madonna sang the song dressed up in a pink sleeveless gown, flanked by boys in black coats. The video imitated Marilyn Monroe's version of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The video and the song together culminated in Madonna's nickname as "material girl" in mainstream media.[34]
"Crazy for You" Harold Becker[29] Made with clips from the movie Vision Quest[35]
"Into the Groove" Susan Seidelman[29] Made with film clips from Desperately Seeking Susan.[29]
"Gambler" Harold Becker[29] Made with clips from the movie Vision Quest[35]
"Dress You Up" Danny Kleinman[29] The video was released with footage from The Virgin Tour.[35]
1986 "Live to Tell" James Foley[36] The video portrays Madonna with a new pale and subtle look, her shoulder-length hair was wavy and golden blond. She got rid of her junk jewellery and adopted a pale make-up look with shoulder-length golden locks. The look was again inspired by Monroe.[37] Footage from the movie At Close Range were interspersed, with Madonna appearing to speak for the character.[38]
"Papa Don't Preach" In this video, Madonna adopted the gamine look portrayed by Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn during the 1950s.[39] She portrays a tomboy who wants to tell her father about her pregnancy. Interspersed with scenes of a sexier Madonna with a toned body, wearing a black bustier.[40]
"True Blue" The American version from MTV's Make My Video Contest was directed by Ángel Gracia and Cliff Guest, where Madonna does not appear. The international release directed by Foley portrays Madonna and her friends in an all-blue diner.[41]
"Open Your Heart" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[29] The video paid homage to actresses Liza Minnelli and Marlene Dietrich. Madonna played an exotic dancer in a peep-show club who befriends a little boy and escapes from there. The video was negatively criticised, because it portrays the entry of a child in a strip club.[42][43]
1987 "La Isla Bonita" Mary Lambert[29] Madonna played a woman living in a Spanish barrio. She portrays two characters: a boyishly-dressed Catholic woman and a colorful Flamenco dancer. The video portrays Madonna's fascination with Hispanic culture and the inclusion of religious symbolism.[44]
"Who's That Girl" Peter Rosenthal[45] The video portrays Madonna dressed in Spanish style as a young lady in search of a treasure. It included scenes from the film of the same name.[46]
"Causing a Commotion" Unknown A live performance from the Who's That Girl World Tour in Turin, Italy. Another version included the performance at the 1987 MTV Video Music Awards.[29]
"The Look of Love" James Foley[29] Compilation video of clips from Who's That Girl[35]
1989 "Like a Prayer" Mary Lambert[29] The video portrays Madonna to be a witness of an interracial murder and goes to pray in a church. Various scenes like Madonna kissing a black saint, receiving stigmata, scantily dressed and dancing in front of burning crosses are shown. In the end, she helps to free the man who was falsely accused of murder.[47] Religious groups protested that the video was a blasphemous use of Christian imagery. The Pope banned Madonna from appearing in Italy and urged a national boycott of Pepsi. The latter withdrew their contract with Madonna while letting her keep the $5 million.[9]
"Express Yourself" David Fincher[29] Inspired by the film Metropolis, the video portrays Madonna as the leader of a company, and later as a glamorous lady and chained masochist. Muscular men act as her workers. In the end, Madonna picked one of them to be her date.[48] The music video for "Express Yourself" was the most expensive video at the time of its release with production cost of $5 million.[49]
"Cherish" Herb Ritts[29] Madonna played on the beach with mermen and merchild. In the end she falls in love with one of the mermen.[50]
"Dear Jessie" Derek Hayes[29] An animated video featuring Madonna as an animated fairy. The video was released only outside the United States.[51]
"Oh Father" David Fincher[29] A black-and-white video portraying the death scene of a young mother and the tempestuous relationship that ensues between the husband and the daughter. Years later Madonna, as the grown-up daughter, reconciles with the father at the woman's grave.[52]

1990–99

Year Music video Director(s) Notes
1990 "Vogue" David Fincher[29] Black-and-white video recreating the glamorous look of old Hollywood with men in suits and Madonna dressed in gowns.[53] It also displayed the dance form called vogue.[11] The video was praised for making the sex and gender roles ambiguous in its portrayal of people, and for bringing an underground culture in the mainstream limelight.[54]
"Justify My Love" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[29] Black-and-white video portraying Madonna coming to a hotel room to satisfy her sexual fantasy. Scenes of sadomasochism, voyeurism and bisexuality are also portrayed.[12] Critics were polarized over the video's content with some of them applauding Madonna's boldness while others took the brazenness of the video negatively. Madonna called the video "a celebration of sex".[12] She released the video as a video single and it went on to become the best-selling music video single of all time, earning a four-times platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.[55]
1992 "This Used to Be My Playground" Alek Keshishian[29] The video is a walkthrough of memories. While Madonna melancholically sings about the old days, the viewer flips through a photo album which feature moving images of a singing Madonna as well as images from the movie A League of Their Own.[56]
"Erotica" Fabien Baron[29] Madonna is portrayed as a masked dominatrix with a golden tooth and a whip. Montages of sexual imagery are shown that were shot during the photography of Madonna's Sex book. It was a montage of sexually charged images, designed to shock the audience. MTV put the video into heavy rotaion, but only after midnight.[13]
"Deeper and Deeper" Bobby Woods[29] Madonna portrays Warhol protégé Edie Sedgwick. She goes to a disco and looks for something which ends with a man releasing the balloons she was carrying. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna being photographed and she and her friends watching a man dancing in underwear.[14]
1993 "Bad Girl" David Fincher[29] The video opens and closes with shots of a murdered Madonna, who, having lived a life of promiscuous sex, presumably joins her dead lover and guardian angel, portrayed by actor Christopher Walken.[57]
"Fever" Stéphane Sednaoui[29] The video portrays Madonna as a Balinese idol with red hair and another shot of her being silver painted. Interspersed with scenes of a man in thongs, his body painted gold.[58]
"Rain" Mark Romanek[29] The video portrays Madonna with short cropped, black hair, recording the song in a studio. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna kissing a man behind a glass on which water falls.[59] Critical appreciation came for the music video, whose technical brilliance was awarded at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.[60]
"Bye Bye Baby" Unknown Live performances from The Girlie Show Tour and the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.[61]
1994 "I'll Remember" Alek Keshishian[62] Madonna singing the song in a recording studio, while being supervised by herself in an androgynous look. Interspersed with clips from the movie With Honors.[63]
"Secret" Melodie McDaniel[29] Black-and-white video featuring Madonna as a blues singer singing in a club. Scenes of rebirth, transvestites and damnation are interspersed with Madonna walking down a street to her home.[15]
"Take a Bow" Michael Haussman[29] Madonna portrays the mistress of a Spanish bullfighter. Their affair ends after Madonna is being abused by the fighter. Religious imagery forms the backbone of the video.[64]
1995 "Bedtime Story" Mark Romanek[29] A surreal dream sequence arising from some sort of controlled experiment on a prostrate Madonna, lying in a blue spaceship-like room.[65] The production cost of the video was $5 million, making it one of the costliest videos.[66] The video was honored as a permanent collection in New York's Museum of Modern Art in 1996.[67]
"Human Nature" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[29] Madonna and her dancers in front of a white background, wearing black, PVC catsuits, perform a number of S&M-inspired dance moves.[65]
"I Want You" Earle Sebastian[29] The single release was cancelled but the music video was still released. The black-and-white video portrays Madonna waiting for her lover's telephone call.[68]
"You'll See" Michael Haussman[29] Sequel to the music video of "Take a Bow". Madonna leaves the bullfighter but he still chases her around the world. Ultimately she sets herself free from him.[65]
1996 "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[29] Single-shot sepia-colored video showing Madonna in the middle of an empty suite of an abandoned hotel.[69]
"You Must Love Me" Alan Parker[29] Madonna was pregnant with her daughter Lourdes at the time of shooting the video. Her stomach was hidden behind a piano in the video.[35]
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina" The music videos for "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "Another Suitcase in Another Hall" are excerpts from the film Evita.[35]
1997 "Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
1998 "Frozen" Chris Cunningham[70] An all-blue video shot in the middle of Mojave Desert. Dressed in black clothing from head to foot, her long hair colored black and straight and mehndi on her hands, Madonna portrays a mystical creature and a witchy persona who sometimes turns into a dog, sometimes into a bird and sometimes levitates from the ground.[70]
"Ray of Light" Jonas Åkerlund[64] A high-speed video, showing ordinary people doing their daily routines. In between Madonna, dressed in casual jeans and flowing golden hair, dances to the song, ultimately falling asleep on a dance floor. It won the Video of the Year award at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.[18][64]
"Drowned World/Substitute for Love" Walter Stern[57] Portrays Madonna running away from the paparazzi in a car. After reaching home she takes her daughter in her arms.[57]
"The Power of Good-Bye" Matthew Rolston[71] Madonna and her lover play chess, and Madonna wins. After her lover reprimands her, Madonna goes out to the beach and starts walking along the shore, where she possibly commits suicide.[71]
1999 "Nothing Really Matters" Johan Renck[19] Japanese-themed video, featuring Madonna as a geisha wearing a red kimono and white clad Swedes of Asian heritage performing butoh dance moves.[19]
"Beautiful Stranger" Brett Ratner[72] Shot for the movie Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), the video featured Madonna dancing in a club and actor Mike Myers as Austin Power trying to seduce her; his plan ultimately backfired.[72]

2000–09

Year Music video Director(s) Notes
2000 "American Pie" Philip Stolzl[73] Madonna sings the song in front of a giant Flag of the United States. Interspersed with scenes which are characteristic of the American life. Actor Rupert Everett makes an appearance.[73]
"Music" Jonas Åkerlund[74] Madonna and her friends board a limousine which takes them to a strip-club and disco. The strippers are brought over in the limousine by Madonna and her friends. An animated section is present where Madonna fights with some goons.[74]
"Don't Tell Me" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[75] The video shows Madonna walking on a conveyor belt in front of a video screen where cowboys are shown dancing. They join Madonna in front of the screen near the end of the video.[75]
2001 "What It Feels Like for a Girl" Guy Ritchie[21] Madonna picks up an old woman from an old-age home and speeds down the streets with her in a car. While driving she commits a number of crimes, including theft, destruction of property and murder. The video was banned in the United States for being too violent.[21]
2002 "Die Another Day" Traktor[76] Features a heavily-beat-up Madonna being brought to be executed in a gas chamber. Interspersed with scenes of a white-dressed and black-dressed Madonna sword fighting. In the end Madonna escapes from the execution.[76] The former's video was the second most expensive video, production cost being around $6 million.[22]
2003 "American Life" Jonas Åkerlund[77] Original video showed Madonna among military-garbed models at a fashion show. Interspersed with shots of the catwalk was footage of explosions and planes dropping bombs. The video ends with Madonna throwing what appears to be a grenade into the lap of a George W. Bush lookalike.[77] Western models, wearing military garments are followed on the catwalk by Middle Eastern child victims of war. Madonna had initially claimed that the video was non-specific and anti-war. However, before its premiere on music channels in March 2003, Madonna cancelled the release and issued a statement saying that, "I do not believe that it is appropriate to air it [the video] at this time. Due to the volatile state of the world and out of sensitivity and respect for the armed forces, who I support and pray for, I do not want to risk offending anyone who might misinterpret the meaning of this video."[23] Because of this, Madonna filmed the second version of the video that featured her singing in front of the world's flags.
"Hollywood" Jean-Baptiste Mondino[78] Madonna portrays some of Hollywood's former actresses and the upheaval of a glamorous life.[78]
"Me Against the Music" (Britney Spears featuring Madonna) Paul Hunter[79] Britney Spears and Madonna are shown in a club, playing opposite characters with Britney in the dark and Madonna in the white. A cat-and-mouse like chase ensues; Spears catches up to Madonna in the end.[79]
"Love Profusion" Luc Besson[80] Madonna walks on the sky and on the water with fairies, fishes, flowers and clouds surrounding her.[80]
2005 "Hung Up" Johan Renck[24] The video portrays Madonna clad in a pink leotard dancing alone in a ballet studio and concludes at a gaming parlour where she dances with her backup troupe. Interspersed are scenes of people displaying their dancing skills in a variety of settings.[24]
2006 "Sorry" Jamie King[81] A continuation from the "Hung Up" music video. Madonna and her troupe go around the town in a white van and dance in a skating arena.[81]
"Get Together" Logan[82] The video showed Madonna singing the song among graphical visuals portraying volcanoes erupting and a cityscape.[82]
"Jump" Jonas Åkerlund[83] The video features Madonna in a blond bob wig and singing the song in front of several neon signs. The video also features dancers performing the physical discipline parkour.[83]
2008 "4 Minutes" (featuring Justin Timberlake) Jonas & François[25] Madonna and Timberlake sing and run away from a giant black screen that devours everything in its path. At the end of the video, Madonna and Timberlake are consumed by the screen.[25]
"Give It 2 Me" Tom Munro,
Nathan Rissman[84]		 Madonna in retro-makeup look dancing in a photography studio in various garments. Cameo appearance by Pharrell Williams.[84]
"Miles Away" Nathan Rissman[85] Live footage from the Sticky & Sweet Tour in Buenos Aires, mostly footage of the fans and stadium before and during the show. Originally unreleased, but finally included on the Celebration: The Video Collection DVD.[85]
2009 "Celebration" Jonas Akerlund[26] A simple dance video featuring Madonna and her dancers doing the popping and locking style of dancing against black-and-white backgrounds.[26]

Video albums

Concert tour videos

Year Video details Notes
1985 Live – The Virgin Tour
  • Released: November 1985
  • Studio: Sire, Warner Music Video
  • Format: VHS, Laserdisc
  • Contains The Virgin Tour as shot live in Detroit, Michigan, 1985 in support of her second studio album Like a Virgin[86] Was certified two-times multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.[87]
1987 Who's That Girl – Live in Japan
  • Released: June 1987
  • Studio: Mitsubishi, Sire, Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Format: VHS, Laserdisc
  • Contains the Who's That Girl World Tour live from Tokyo, Japan, 1987. It was a Japan-only release.[88]
1988 Ciao, Italia! – Live from Italy
  • Released: June 1988
  • Studio: Sire, Warner Reprise Video
  • Format: VHS, Laserdisc, DVD, VCD
1990 Blond Ambition – Japan Tour 90
  • Released: July 1990
  • Studio: Sire, Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Format: VHS, Laserdisc
  • Contains the Blond Ambition World Tour, shot live from Yokohama, Japan, 1990. Was a Japan-only release.[90]
Live! – Blond Ambition World Tour 90
  • Released: December 1990
  • Studio: Sire, Warner-Pioneer
  • Format: Laserdisc
1994 The Girlie Show – Live Down Under
  • Released: April 1994
  • Studio: Maverick, Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS, DVD, Laserdisc, VCD
2001 Drowned World Tour 2001
  • Released: November 2001
  • Studio: Maverick, Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS, DVD, VCD
  • Contains the Drowned World Tour, shot live from The Palace of Auburn Hills in Michigan, Detroit, August 26, 2001. Contains a photo gallery and on-screen song lyrics.[93] Was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 50,000 units in the United States.[87]
2007 The Confessions Tour
  • Released: January 2007
  • Studio: Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
  • Format: DVD
  • Contains the Confessions Tour, shot live from London, England, in 2006. Debuted at fifteen on the Billboard 200 on the issue dated February 2, 2007.[94]
2010 Sticky & Sweet Tour
  • Released: March 2010
  • Studio: Warner Bros.
  • Format: DVD, Blu-ray

Music video compilations

Year Video details Notes
1984 Madonna
  • Released: November 1984
  • Studio: Sire, Warner Music Video
  • Format: VHS. Laserdisc
  • Includes the music videos of "Burning Up", "Lucky Star", "Borderline" and "Like a Virgin". Was the top-selling music video cassette of 1985.[97] Was certified two times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.[87]
1990 The Immaculate Collection
  • Released: November 1990
  • Studio: Sire, Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS, Laserdisc, DVD
  • Promotional music videos from 1983 to 1990. Includes "Lucky Star", "Borderline", "Like a Virgin", "Material Girl", "Papa Don't Preach", "Open Your Heart", "La Isla Bonita", "Like a Prayer", "Express Yourself", "Cherish", "Oh Father", "Vogue" and its live performance from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards.[98] Was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 150,000 copies.[87]
1999 The Video Collection 93:99
  • Released: October 1999
  • Studio: Maverick, Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS, DVD
  • Promotional music videos from 1993 to 1999. Includes "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain", "Secret", "Take a Bow", "Bedtime Story", "Human Nature", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore", "Frozen", "Ray of Light", "Drowned World", "Power of Goodbye", "Nothing Really Matters" and "Beautiful Stranger".[99] Was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 50,000 units in the United States.[87]
2009 Celebration: The Video Collection
  • Released: September 2009
  • Studio: Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
  • Format: DVD

Documentaries

Year Video details Notes
1991 Truth or Dare (aka In Bed with Madonna)
  • Released: March 1991
  • Studio: Miramax
  • Format: VHS, DVD
  • Documentary following the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Includes live performances of "Like a Virgin", "Papa Don't Preach", "Vogue" and "Like a Prayer"[101]
2006 I'm Going to Tell You a Secret
  • Released: June 2006
  • Studio: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: DVD + CD

Video singles

Year Video details Notes
1991 "Justify My Love"
  • Released: December 1990
  • Studio: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS Video Single
  • Promotional music video of "Justify My Love" and "Vogue" performed live at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 copies of the single.[87] The video has sold 440,000 copies.[103] It is the best-selling music video single of all time.[55]
1998 "Ray of Light"
  • Released: June 1998
  • Studio: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS Video Single
  • Promotional music video for "Ray of Light". It sold 7,381 copies in its first week.[55]
2000 "Music"
  • Released: September 2000
  • Studio: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: DVD Video Single
  • Promotional music video for "Music". It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 25,000 copies of the single.[87]
2001 "What It Feels Like for a Girl"
  • Released: April 2001
  • Studio: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS, DVD Video Single
  • Promotional music video for "What It Feels Like for a Girl"[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Caulfield, Keith (2009-03-18). "Madonna Plans New Tracks For Hits Collection". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc). http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/madonna-plans-new-tracks-for-hits-collection-1003952554.story. Retrieved 2009-08-21. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cross 2007, p. 26
  3. ↑ Cross 2007, p. 30
  4. ↑ Cross 2007, p. 32
  5. ↑ Guilbert 2002, p. 42
  6. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 50
  7. ↑ Clerk 2002, p. 99
  8. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 67
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hand, John (2009-03-05). "Madonna's banned advert". BBC (BBC Online). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7922129.stm. Retrieved 2009-12-16. 
  10. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 56
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cagle, Jess (1990-05-04). "What, me vogue?". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc.). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317277,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-08. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Rich, Joshua (1998-11-20). "Madonna Banned". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,285759,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-08. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Taraborrelli 2002, p. 227
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Guilbert 2002, p. 69
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Miklitsch 1998, p. 124
  16. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 56
  17. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 168
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cardwell, Annette (1998-09-12). "Madonna's 'Ray of Light' shines at MTV awards". Boston Herald (Herald Media Inc). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-56351997.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Reporter, BW (1999-02-11). "Madonna's "Nothing Really Matters" World Premieres On MTV". Business Wire (Berkshire Hathaway). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-53853157.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  20. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 94
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Fonseca, Nicholas (2001-03-22). ""What It Feels Like for a Girl" - DVD". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,103315,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Die teuersten Musikvideos aller Zeiten" (in German). Die Welt (Axel Springer AG). 2007-04-27. http://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article836335/Die_teuersten_Musikvideos_aller_Zeiten.html. Retrieved 2009-12-24. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 123
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Vineyard, Jennifer (2006-08-25). "With No Director And Broken Ribs, Madonna Was 'Hung Up'". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1539338/20060824/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Harris, Chris (2008-04-03). "Madonna's '4 Minutes' Video Gets Online Sneak Peek". MTV (MTv Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1584741/20080403/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Montogomery, James (2009-09-01). "Madonna Returns To Her Dark Era With 'Celebration' Video". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1620512/20090901/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  27. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 161
  28. ↑ "The Greatest: 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era". VH1 MTV Networks. http://www.vh1.com/photos/gallery/?thumbnails=true&fid=1477005. Retrieved 2009-12-17. 
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 29.20 29.21 29.22 29.23 29.24 29.25 29.26 29.27 29.28 29.29 29.30 29.31 29.32 29.33 29.34 Morton 2002, p. 332
  30. ↑ Allen 1987, p. 281
  31. ↑ Kellner 1995, p. 327
  32. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 162
  33. ↑ Whiteley 2000, p. 136
  34. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 277
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Metz & Benson 1999, p. 310
  36. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 309
  37. ↑ Voller 1999, p. 24
  38. ↑ Butler 2002, p. 232
  39. ↑ Voller 1999, p. 25
  40. ↑ Mansour 2005, p. 352
  41. ↑ Clerk 2002, p. 49
  42. ↑ Bordo & Heywood 2004, p. 273
  43. ↑ Dirks, Eley & Ortner 1994, p. 471
  44. ↑ Rettenmund 1995, p. 98
  45. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 314
  46. ↑ Canby, Vincent (1987-08-23). "Film View; In Search of Madonna's Persona". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/23/movies/film-view-in-search-of-madonna-s-persona.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. 
  47. ↑ Taraborrelli 2002, p. 167
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  49. ↑ Lamb, Bill (2008-05-01). "Madonna's 37 Top 10 Pop Songs". About.com. http://top40.about.com/od/madonna/tp/madonnatop10.01.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-24. 
  50. ↑ Guilbert 2002, p. 45
  51. ↑ Bego 2000, p. 78
  52. ↑ Clerk 2002, p. 80
  53. ↑ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 282
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  56. ↑ Pitman, Randy (2000-08-27). The Video Librarian. 19. University of Michigan. ISSN 0887-6851. OCLC 13306621. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 181
  58. ↑ Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 91
  59. ↑ Meyers 1999, p. 326
  60. ↑ "MTV Video Music Awards > Winners By Category". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/winners-by-category.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-15. 
  61. ↑ Beemyn & Eliason 1996, p. 318
  62. ↑ Cross 2007, p. 290
  63. ↑ Clerk 2002, p. 112
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  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Strong, Brenda (1999-05-21). "Madonna's to spy for Austin Power". Daily Record (Trinity Mirror). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-60421547.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Wright, Matthew (2000-02-12). "Madonna's bum wiped; She Censors Video". Daily Mirror (Trinity Mirror). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-60286077.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
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  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Reporter, BW (2001-01-16). "Warner Bros. Records Selects CDKnet.". Business Wire (Berkshire Hathaway). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-69200459.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Partridge, James (2002-10-02). "Madonna Tries Out Karate in Video". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P1-68607675.html. Retrieved 2009-12-09. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Susman, Gary (2003-04-01). "Miss 'American'". Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,439329,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Benjamin, Laura (2003-06-17). "Madonna in the image of Hollywood stars for her latest pop video". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-103492680.html. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Vena, Jocelyn; Elias, Matt (2009-11-20). "Britney Spears And Madonna 'Tease' Fans In 'Me Against The Music' Video". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1626705/20091119/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Jarvis, Judy (2003-05-01). "Madonna babbles her way into irrelevance". Lancaster New Era (Lancaster Newspapers, Inc.). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-9172127.html. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Moody, Clemmie (2006-02-10). "That looks painful... not bad for 47, Madonna!". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-376758/That-looks-painful--bad-47-Madonna.html. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
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  86. ↑ Deming, Mark (2006-09-12). "Madonna: The Virgin Tour (Live) > Overview". Allmovie. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmovie.com/work/madonna-the-virgin-tour-live-64391. Retrieved 2009-12-10. 
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References

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